Monday, May 21, 2007

East or bust!!

We're back from our trip to the Eastern and Volta Regions. Beyond being a much-needed vacation for us, it's highly recommended for any future visitors. The scenery is beautiful, the people are mellow, and travel is fun and easy due to a great mix of locally-owned lodges and friendly village life (special props to the Water Heights Hotel in Wli -- it's not in your guidebook, industrious travelers, so take note!).

As a going-away present, we give you these photos of our last days in Accra and our trip. [click here] Ghana, as they say, is finished. Benin beckons. Nigeria...well, I'm not sure it beckons, but it's on! We'll be throwing our voices to you from different countries for a bit...aren't the internets amazing?

Holding On

[Begun May 3, 2007]

Today I withdrew $4000 from the EcoBank in Parakou. I don't know many people accustomed to toting around that kind of cash, let alone in a country where it amounts to more than most people have seen -- cumulatively -- in the last decade. But the bank is 3 hours on bad roads from our project site, there's equipment to be bought and laborers to be paid, and it's unacceptable to run short when people's livelihoods are at stake. Shaking my head at the orders-of-magnitude cognitive dissonance as I finish counting the money, I shove the envelope in my bag, step outside, and hail a zemi.

This moment, to me, is torture. There aren't a lot of price tags in West Africa. For a short list of items and services (pure water sachets, fixed transportation routes, phone units), prices are fixed by common knowledge; beyond these kinds of staples, everything is open to discussion. I've never enjoyed bargaining, least of all over small items. You're usually talking about the equivalent of 10 cents, and a dime that is nothing to you buys a solid meal here. On the other hand, even if you don't personally mind being ripped off all the time by local standards, your coworkers care because it has a negative effect on the local economy. Where there's a local price and a foreigner price, local services stop serving locals...it's basic entrepreneurialism. And so, in some way, you feel compelled to argue the 20 cent taxi moto fare with $4000 swinging from your shoulder.

My "strategy" is to pre-empt the entire bargaining discussion by offering a price that I know is at the very top of the range, but not ridiculous by local standards. The zemi driver knows instantly that he's getting a great deal, even if it's not that rare 20-times-the-price stupid tourist windfall; almost without exception, people accept these initial offers. Additionally, I avoid the terrible feeling of trying to bargain down a price when we both know that I had enough money to buy the plane ticket here.

*************

Beyond being at peace with 11 people shoved into a 5-seater that should have been junked before the Carter administration, coordinating a development project means getting comfortable with uncomfortable juxtapositions. There's no middle ground; it's something I have to define every day. The tradeoff between immediate needs and future goals is a particularly tough line to walk.

You're in your job as a development worker because you have skills and time to help a community in need plan for a better future. After all, planning is a leisure activity that people engaged in subsistence activities can rarely afford. But...who are you to say what "perspective" a subsistence farmer should have? It feels presumptuous and ridiculous to talk about longer-term vision when people are on the edge of starvation. On the other hand, as a person with the luxury to do this, who are you *not* to? It's your responsibility.

Both things are true. There are immediate needs and there's a future. If you're going to do your job well, you have to remember both. The right hand feeds the people who are hungry right now. The left hand plans so that there will eventually be no more "hungry right now." Let go with the right hand and you become a cynical (and overpaid) development worker content to sit behind a desk and believe in slogans like "people need a hand up; not a hand out." Let go with the left hand and there might be some tomorrows that are better than today, but they won't last. No, there is no letting go. You have to be comfortable stretched in the middle. You have to be simultaneously heartbroken and hopeful. Your entire role is to fill that gap. Both things are true.

*************

The men building a latrine for our office clearly haven't eaten lunch again. I've taken to walking over each day and casually checking in just so I can buy them some food; they'd never ask. As they eat, we all sit under a big tree and I work on some overdue calculations for the next phase of the project. Sometimes they pause and stare at my pen, my notebook, well aware of how much these items cost. I can only hope they realize that I don't equate the pen and paper with lunch. Both things are true.

Sunshine

[Begun May 1, 2007]

Seen "Blood Diamond"? Before heading to Benin last month, I watched an obviously illegal rip (the only kind around here). I was thoroughly entertained right up until Leonardo DiCaprio skewered Jennifer Connolly for being one of those bleeding-heart-types: "You people are all the same. You come here with your laptops, your malaria medicine, and your tiny packets of hand sanitizer and think you can make a difference." I squirmed...with the instant defensiveness and resigned queasiness that indicates someone has pegged your deepest fear. "Check, check, check...and check," I thought. "What am I doing?"

The short answer is this: the Kalale district of Benin is over 100km from paved roads, with no grid electricity, no running water, and no communications. It's a predominantly agricultural area and the district has a terrible malnutrition problem (estimates hover at 40%), because growing during the hot dry season is incredibly difficult. It's simply too costly to run generators to pump water from the wells for irrigation. The alternative -- women transporting basin after basin of water on their heads and spreading it by hand -- is insufficient for proper market garden agriculture. So, at the request of a local organization, we've decided to use the most abundant resource here -- the sun -- to address the problem. We're going to install solar-powered pumps for drip irrigation and clean water supply, and solar panels to electrify public spaces in the villages (community centers, street lights, schools, clinics). We think it's a comprehensive intervention that will address a whole host of development issues here in a sustainable way -- economically, socially, environmentally.

We're starting with two test villages and two "control" villages this year. Then we'll refine and work our way up to all 44 villages in the district. On top of the electrification itself, we're going to try to measure the impact of this project in a scientific and comprehensive manner never done before, through village and farmer surveys, market monitoring, and measurement of environmental indicators. And then there's all the capacity-building in association with this. We believe that a good development project leaves the initial development workers unemployed after a few years...and so we're training local horticulturalists, electricians, administrators.

Still, Leo's in my head. It's the free market v. aid debate and it wakes me up at night. The development economists' question is: why do this particular project? Why not take the entire $252,000 budget, and -- instead of buying solar panels, drip irrigation systems, and street lights -- just dump it right next to the well in the center of each village? Which would have a greater overall impact? It's a killer question, and there have certainly been some terrible development projects over the years. The very ambiguous legacy of aid, especially in Africa, is enough to make one wonder.

Is there a right answer? It's hard to know. But I do know this: the woman who tells me that she'll send her children to school with the money she'll make and the time they'll all save not having to haul water...that woman wouldn't see a single cent of the money if it were dropped in the center of town. So we march on.

Friday, May 11, 2007

Embassy men

I put off going to the Nigerian, Togolese and Beninois Embassies until I had nothing left on my to-do list but getting my visas for my next trip... so I finally dragged myself out of bed and into a tro-tro last week to confront my red-tape fate. There are few places I dislike more than embassies and few people I dislike more than embassy men. The embassy man is the guy who stamps your passport. Before he does, however, he holds onto it for a while, knowing full well those precious moments are his. At the Nigerian Embassy, the embassy man told me - with a smile and after I had submitted my application complete with the $56 fee and all - that I could not apply for a visa from Ghana without a Ghanaian residence permit and that I had to go back to my country – France – to get my visa. At the Benin Embassy, the embassy man told me I’d have no problem getting two visas, one for my three-month stay in Benin and the other to transit to Nigeria, and kindly accepted the 70,000 CFAs ($140) I had to dish out for them; the very next day he informed me that under law I could not have more than one currently valid visa for Benin in my passport at the same time. My favorite, however, is the Togo embassy man. This embassy man invited me into his office and shared with me the challenges he had to overcome to pull himself out of a northern Togolese village and into his Embassy office. He discussed, as he held onto my French passport, 15 years of French sanctions on Togo and how it killed the Togolese spirit. He speculated about the French presidential runoff on Sunday and claimed that Segolene would win because she was much prettier than Hillary. He observed, with disdain, how important “Francophonie” is to the French identity. It was a lengthy soliloquy. I sat there, legs and arms tense, nodding and staring at my passport in his hands, deferring to him.

Then this embassy man asked me about the origins of my last name. I hesitated for a few seconds, weighing the pros and the cons of a truthful response in my mind, and finally admitted to him that my father was born in Algeria. He looked up at me, raised his eyebrows, and smiled. In that instant, his tone and expression changed entirely, as if he had realized for the first time that there was a person sitting across from him. And then… he spoke to me “as one African to another” about the economic struggles of African countries. He asked me what I was studying. He listened to my response. He called me an expert in West African politics. And the next Segolene. He asked me for my email address. And then he stamped my passport.

I got home that evening and crossed the “GET VISAS” item off my to-do list. It was a sweet reward, though the experience made me feel a tad sleezy. My tactics ranged from name-dropping (Nigerian Embassy), to passing as “African” (Togolese Embassy), to making a scene in the Embassy lobby (Benin Embassy). But I got all my visas and I suppose this, too, is fieldwork... and I suppose these embassy men are only half as arrogant as those who stamp the passports of Africans wishing to travel to Europe or the United States.

Visas mean transitions and, with a third of fieldwork under my belt, I had many people to thank and bid farewell to this week. Sola, my survey enumerator, is busy running his shop, selling pure water for 100 Cedis less than everyone else, and campaigning for the next legislative elections. Kofi, one of my initial connections to the immigrant community in Nima, continues to run his bilingual school for immigrant children, proudly showing off the trophies and awards they have won in soccer tournaments, dancing and drumming competitions. Doris and Dan have expanded their shop, setting up a station in front to sell breakfast omelettes in the mornings. Our curry-sniffing campus guard is gone, rotated to a different campus gate with the coming of the new month. Henry, his replacement, has already proposed to JAB. The half-dozen children we cross on our running path every day have learned our names and call out to us with the same fervor and enthusiasm they used to say Obruni!... only this time we respond just as enthusiastically.

One day we land here with our work goals and our daily habits and the next we are gone. Our West African adventure meets their daily reality and for a brief period of time we are part of each other's lives. And as much as I’ve complained about the lack of friendship and intimacy, I will miss many people here. To them, we’re the obrunis who always asked for mangos, but not too ripe; who preferred to walk to campus under a high noon heat than take an overpriced taxi (obruni inflation); who could never figure out how to unplug their pen drive safely from the computer; who always asked for dishes with no meat – and that means no tuna and no chicken either; who actually didn’t believe in Jesus; who ran around campus every day and sweated much more than everybody else; who never fully figured out how to cross a road, or hand wash clothes or pound fufu. To us, they’re the ones who made these past few months in Accra much more than just a grad school lab… a place to explore, discover, criticize, vent about, cry about, laugh about, and write about. A place that evoked in us affection one day and frustration the next.

But never indifference.

For your viewing enjoyment

One of us is wrapping up field work in Ghana. One of us just got back from 3 weeks of project work in Benin (um, yeah, and I will post all the blog entries I wrote by hand just as soon as I can type them up). We're both getting ready to leave Accra behind until our return flights to the States! First for a week of traveling in the eastern region (rumors of monkeys and waterfalls abound); then eastward ho! I'll be back in northern Benin. CLA will be hitting Nigeria before settling in for a few months of work based out of Cotonou.

So while the behind-the-scenes work begins for the transfer of omowe to its new home(s), here are some photos! [click here]